American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Government - Essay Example The lawmaking body as of now has sufficient opportunity to pass whatever charges it needs to. On the off chance that they were in meeting longer, all theyd do is pass more laws. Furthermore, those additional laws theyd pass would be the sort of laws that nobody needs or needs (in the event that they needed or required them, theyd pass them during the standard meeting). That and those administrators would begin feeling that enacting was their standard employment - yuk. How solid militarily and financially was the United States during the 1790s? Could the United States have been dynamic in world issues? What was the significant objective of U.S. international strategy at that point? Was it to secure U.S. residents and their property? As the United States developed topographically, militarily, and monetarily, could the administration stay neutralist? For what reason did the United States go to an interventionist international strategy? For what reason did the United States come back to independent international strategy after World War I? Could the United States be confined from the world strategically and still stay a financial force? Without a doubt, the US could stay as an independent as it kept on extending outward. In any event, glancing back at history, the country’s endeavor to stay a neutralist during both World War II was not helpless. The US verily needed to enter both World Wars since it turned into a pioneer in the Western outskirts. The United States came back to independent international strategy since local issues tormented the nation. Besides, Europe was in mayhem itself and the US couldn't stand to entertain itself with such insignificant issues. No, the US has grasped the job of being a pioneer of the globe and is the world’s super force. Is it simple for the president and Congress to laid out steps to arrive at international strategy? What sorts of measures can the United States use to battle fear mongering? How might it guard its residents against substance and organic weapons? Schmidt, Steffen W., Mack C. Shelley, and Barbara A. Bardes. Handbook of chose legal disputes to

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost Essay Example

Halting by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost Essay Example Halting by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost Paper Halting by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost Paper Paper Topic: Verse sound rehashed inside words where vowel sounds are rehashed characterize sound similarity sound rehashed where indistinguishable or comparable consonant sounds are rehashed toward the end or inside a line characterize consonance reiteration repeat of sounds, words, expressions, lines, or verses in a discourse or bit of composing; expands the sentiment of solidarity in a sonnet or melody, called an abstain symbolism language that underlines tangible impressions to help the peruser of an artistic work see, feel, hear, little and taste the scenes depicted in the work needs to glance around for what reason does the speaker stop in the forested areas? uncertain of why theyre halting for what reason does the pony shake its chimes? the town in the sonnet, what are the forested areas appeared differently in relation to? helps the perusers to remember his goal for what reason does the artist rehash the last lines of the sonnet? AABA BBCB CCDC DDDD what is the rhyme plan of the sonnet? sound other than sight symbolism, what sense do lines 9-12 intrigue to? intelligent what is the general tone of the sonnet? instances of consonance and sound similarity sounds sweet, he tackle, ringers gives, whose woods these, he see me, not halting, woods solidified The writer is in the forested areas, getting a charge out of nature and its tranquility. Be that as it may, he has something to do in the town and he realizes he needs to go. Hes not certain in the event that he should remain or go, yet he chooses to leave. Depict the contention hes confronting. the town where does the proprietor of the forested areas live? theres nothing there for what reason would the pony think its odd to stop there? wind and snow blowing what the artist hears other than the ponies ringers has some place to be and vows to keep for what reason does the speaker choose to continue with the excursion? underscores to what extent of an excursion he has left what is the impact of rehashing the last lines of a sonnet? furthermore, miles to go before I rest, and miles to go before I rest. what is rehashed? assists perusers with valuing the sound of a sonnet how do sound similarity and consonance fortify the sonnet? encourages you imagine the forested areas how proficiently does the speaker pass on his demeanor to the forested areas on the cold night? he appreciates watching nature what do these exercises tel you about the speakers character?

APPLEs Innovation Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

APPLEs Innovation Strategy - Essay Example The organization has had the option to unite its representatives, buyers, accomplices, suppliers and providers on such a stage where they structure a triumphant culture ensuring authoritative development. Apple’s imaginative technique has had the option to give the organization soaring income and net benefit since year 2000. The system is to being about spot based advancement, which means delivering creative thoughts inside a similar situation over and over. â€Å"Sometimes when you develop, you commit errors. It's ideal to concede them rapidly and continue ahead with improving your other innovations†, says Steve Jobs (as refered to in Martins, 2011). Employments accepts that development must be finished with greatness on the off chance that the pioneer can acknowledge his work doing slip-ups and, at that point amending them through learning. The creative technique likewise concentrates more on how the structure functions as opposed to what it looks like to the purchase r. This really makes the clients like the new item more. Apple’s imaginative technique additionally includes collaboration instead of depending on singular exertion. This and numerous different highlights of Apple’s inventive system make Apple one of the most significant and imaginative associations on the planet.

Article Analysis Essay Example for Free

Article Analysis Essay In The piece of me that you bring out: Ideal similitude and the Michelangelo marvel, Rusbult, Kubacka, Kumashiro and Finkel (2009) investigate the impacts of cozy connections and perfect likeness to development and quest for perfect self. The creators additionally investigate how perfect likeness of accomplice characteristics advances the Michelangelo marvel and adds to relationship prosperity. The creators clarify that perfect self identifies with a person’s singular desires and objectives. Albeit perfect self has recently been examined as an intrapersonal action, this exploration recommends that quest for perfect self is additionally incredibly affected by close to home connections. Perfect closeness is characterized as the event and degree to which an accomplice has components of a person’s perfect self. Then again, the Michelangelo wonder is disclosed to be where in an individual shapes the character of someone else. Speculation of the Study Rusbult, Kubacka, Kumashiro and Finkel (2009) estimate that perfect likeness straightforwardly influences constructive certification, affecting an individual to push toward individual objectives in their endeavors to accomplish relationship concordance. They likewise speculate that perfect similitude advances relationship prosperity through the Michelangelo marvel. True Application This investigation clarifies that the quest for perfect self isn't a completely intrapersonal interest. Outer elements, for this situation cozy connections, influence the procedure of development. As such connections where in perfect likenesses exist between accomplices advances self-awareness and improved connections, the inverse can likewise be guaranteed. The significance of framing connections where perfect likenesses exist is thusly featured in this examination. Since this examination builds up that nearby close to home connections assumes a job in molding a person’s quest for their optimal, it likewise underscores the need to frame associations with person’s whose character attributes line up with one’s perfect. Study Methodology The examination was framed by a four-section study that dissected couple relationship through self-report and companion report surveys, responses to video taped discussions and an a 8-day every day dairy. All through the examinations the free factor was the investigation of organizations between submitted people. Study 1 concentrated on recently dedicated people while Study 2 concentrated on people who have been submitted, either wedded or living respectively, for a significant stretch of time. Study 2 likewise incorporated the meeting of companions of the couple. The needy variable that was being estimated was the measure of assertion people in the serious relationships got from their accomplices. Study Findings Based on Study 1, it was avowed that perfect comparability observably affects certifications and development toward perfect self. Study 2 uncovered that the more noteworthy measure of confirmations got between people with perfect likeness, the couples experience more noteworthy alteration and better connections. Study Limitations Early in the conversation of the paper, the writers remind the peruser that this examination was first in considering the impacts of perfect closeness on the Michelangelo wonder. In spite of the fact that the investigation shows that cozy connections impact people, there is little to show that it is perfect likeness and not real comparability that causes the constructive assertions. Likewise, the majority of the exploration directed was done through survey structure, which doesn't present a top to bottom investigation of the impacts of perfect similitudes. Reference List Rusbult, C. E. , Kubacka, K. E. , Kumashiro, M. what's more, Finkel, E. J. (2009). â€Å"The part of me that you bring out: Ideal closeness and the Michelangelo phenomenon†. Diary of Psychology and Personal Sociology 96(1), p. 61-82. American Psychological Association.

Leoh Ming Pei & Eero Saarinen :: Art

Leoh Ming Pei and Eero Saarinen The modelers that I am looking at originated from two unique pieces of the world but then, here and there the message(s) behind their work and the fuse of building, geometrical and sculptural components into their structures and their new way of life as â€Å"Americans† unites them. Leoh Ming Pei was conceived in Canton, China in 1917 and went to the United States for his further training. In view of his dads impact on him, who constantly supported Pei in planning, he went to MIT and it was at last in Harvard that he got his engineering certificate. Being raised in an alternate culture additionally had an effect in his plan for his methodology towards it was unique in relation to a large portion of his American schoolmates whose approaches towards configuration were generally exceptionally customary. At Harvard, Le Corbussier’s â€Å"Expressive Modernism† affected him in his utilization of basic geometric shapes and structures. Gropius additionally affected Pei for he built up a dependence on conceptual structure and materials, for example, stone, solid, glass and steel and later built up his own way to deal with plan in which he shows enthusiasm for the Avant Garde. My next planner is (1910-1961) who was conceived in Finland, a child of a draftsma n father and an artist and compositional model-producer mother. His parents’ callings affected him especially into being a modeler and he joined up with Cranbrok Institute of Architecture and furthermore Yale University after his family moved to the United States. He likewise went to Europe for a year to contemplate form and over yonder, he was significantly impacted by the artists there of that time and this sculptural impact is seen in pretty much all of his structures. Like Pei, he was likewise an original American and having being raised in an alternate nation additionally greatly affected the manner in which he took a gander at structure and his ideas towards it. After he completed his design degree, he built up a hypothesis of regarding engineering as model, a building landmark and three-dimensional geometry. I need to state Pei’s Grand Louver Pyramid In France and Saarinen’s TWA terminal in New York have both been figures of quality, deference, and similarly - debate. The two structures have sculptural and building components in them and both consolidate present day materials into their plan. Indeed, even the ideas with respect to why they look the manner in which they are similarly as captivating. Leoh Ming Pei and Eero Saarinen :: Art Leoh Ming Pei and Eero Saarinen The planners that I am contrasting originated from two distinct pieces of the world but then, somehow or another the message(s) behind their work and the consolidation of building, geometrical and sculptural components into their structures and their new way of life as â€Å"Americans† unites them. Leoh Ming Pei was conceived in Canton, China in 1917 and went to the United States for his further training. In light of his dads effect on him, who constantly supported Pei in structuring, he went to MIT and it was at long last in Harvard that he got his compositional degree. Being raised in an alternate culture likewise had an effect in his plan for his methodology towards it was not the same as a large portion of his American cohorts whose approaches towards configuration were generally exceptionally customary. At Harvard, Le Corbussier’s â€Å"Expressive Modernism† impacted him in his utilization of basic geometric shapes and structures. Gropius additionally impacted Pei for he built up a dependence on conceptual structure and materials, for example, stone, solid, glass and steel and later built up his own way to deal with plan in which he shows enthusiasm for the Avant Garde. My next draftsman is (1910-1961) who was conceived in Finland, a child of a planner father and a stone worker and building model-creator mother. His parents’ callings impacted him particularly into being an engineer and he joined up with Cranbrok Institute of Architecture and furthermore Yale University after his family moved to the United States. He additionally went to Europe for a year to consider mold and over yonder, he was significantly impacted by the stone workers there of that time and this sculptural impact is seen in pretty much all of his plans. Like Pei, he was additionally an original American and having being raised in an alternate nation likewise greatly affected the manner in which he took a gander at plan and his ideas towards it. After he completed his design degree, he built up a hypothesis of regarding design as model, a building landmark and three-dimensional geometry. I need to state Pei’s Grand Louver Pyramid In France and Saarinen’s TWA terminal in New York have both been figures of wonder, esteem, and similarly - debate. The two structures have sculptural and building components in them and both consolidate present day materials into their plan. Indeed, even the ideas with regards to why they look the manner in which they are similarly as charming.

How Gambling Disorder Is Defined According to the DSM-5

How Gambling Disorder Is Defined According to the DSM-5 Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print How Gambling Disorder Is Defined in the DSM-5 By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 22, 2019 Sylvia Serrado/Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Gambling Disorder is a behavioral addiction diagnosis introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition or DSM-5. This is the first formal recognition of behavioral addiction in the psychiatry text, which is considered the gold standard in the field of mental health. The parallels between gambling addiction and drug addiction have been drawn by experts for decades, although whether or not behavioral addictions share similar characteristics to substance addictions has always been controversial. What is now unquestioned is that gambling behaviors can become compulsive, can lead to major financial and emotional problems, and are treatable using similar approaches to the treatment of substance addictions. This has been repeatedly demonstrated by research, and as a result, it is now fully recognized as an addictive disorder. Symptoms To meet the criteria for gambling disorder, a person has to have at least four of the problems identified below, within a 12 month period, in conjunction with persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior: Needing to gamble with more money to get the same excitement from gambling as before.Feels restless or irritable when trying to reduce or stop gambling.Keeps trying to reduce or stop gambling without success.Gambling is frequently on the persons mind -- both reliving past gambling experiences and planning future gambling events.Gambles when feeling depressed, guilty or anxious.Tries to win back gambling losses.Lies to cover up how much they are gambling.Loses not only money, but also relationships, their job, or a significant career opportunity as a result of gambling.Becomes dependent on other people to give them money to deal with financial problems that have been caused by gambling. How Gambling Disorder Is Distinct From Bipolar Disorder Sometimes people who have bipolar disorder gamble a lot while they are having a manic episode. This is not a gambling disorder, even though the behaviors and the consequences can be similar. However, this is not to say that gambling problems that happen during mania are not as serious as gambling disorder, but rather, to make the distinction between gambling problems that emerge from a pattern of addiction and those that occur during certain phases of bipolar disorder. Disordered Thinking One of the features associated with gambling disorder is distortion in thinking. For example, like other addictions, denial is common. But unlike other addictions, people who develop gambling disorder are typically quite superstitious, and those superstitions reinforce the addiction, and belief in winning. Another pattern of distorted thinking that may occur in gambling disorder involves chasing ones losses. Prevalence of Suicide Although gambling problems may seem trivial on the surface, in reality, they are anything but. One of the reasons that gambling disorder has become recognized is because of the severe consequences for individuals and their families. Not only do some people who develop gambling disorder literally gamble away everything they own, and end up in crippling debt, but far more of them become suicidal than would be expected in the general population. In treatment populations, about half of those with gambling disorder have suicidal ideation, and about 17% have attempted suicide. If you or someone you know is considering self-harm, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

Gallery of Slickensides or Fault Mirrors

The Origin Of The Black Plague - 892 Words

â€Å"Death without sorrow, marriage without affection, want without poverty, and flight without escape.† When you look up the word â€Å"without†, Merriam Webster defines the word as â€Å"not having or including (something).† When I think of the people of the 14th century spanning from the coast of Europe to the far shores of Asia I think they were without. Without the basic sanitation, without the means of having food to keep them from malnourishment. Millions of people did this till the plague took over. To fully understand the plague you have to go to origin, analyze the factors leading up to the plague, know the transmission, experience the symptoms, see the death and how the ending changed the North-East hemisphere to what it is today. Most historians believe the origin of the black plague begins in the Gobi desert, on the Mongolian Platte. The first written report of the plague is in the area. A merchant in 1332 states that Mongolian Grea Khan Jijaghatu Toq-Temer and two of his son had been laid to rest after a mystery disease struck them. The merchant goes on to report anyone who had dealings with them had passed too. In speculation a year earlier recordings of the Black Death had swept through Hopei Provence North East region of the territory, with accounts of 9/10th of the population gone. After the 1250’s the European region starts to dramatically take a landslide plunge. The economic decline of the 1250 seems to be the last straw in a long line of issues. After the economicShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ring Around The Rosie 879 Words   |  4 Pagesverse we would fall down with some of us on top of each other. I chose this because of the fond memories in my childhood and the fun we all had. Another reason I chose this is because it reminds me of my childhood and growing up with my siblings. The origin of this nursery rhyme can have a variety of different meanings throughout the world. This nursery rhyme can have a lot of different meanings between different people. â€Å"Ring Around the Rosie, is a fun interactive game that kids hold hands with eachRead MoreThe Effects of the Bubonic Plague in In The Wake of a Plague, by Norman Cantor685 Words   |  3 Pagesof a Plague, written by Norman Cantor, focuses on the Black Death and the combinations of effects that it inflicted upon 14th century Europe. Cantor identifies the drastic changes in the religious, social, theological, geographical, psychological and economic aspects of Europe; although, his most intriguing points include the biomedical effects within the Plague. He recounts specific events that lead up to the plague, occurred during the plague and speaks of the aftermath concerning the plague. HeRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague825 Words   |  4 PagesThe Plague Discussion Questions The Black Death was an epizootic bubonic plague, a disease caused by the bacterium of rodents known as Yersinia pestis. The bubonic plague overwhelming effects of European history. The Black Death was considered one of the most â€Å"devastating pandemics† in human history. Whom Did the Black Death Affect The Black death affected mostly Europe. â€Å"The disastrous mortal disease known as the Black Death spread across Europe in the years 1346-53.† (Paragraph 1) â€Å"By the endRead MoreThe Plague Of Bubonic Plague1714 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics. The diffusion, history, and cure are just a couple universal aspects that contribute to the well known, yet unforgiving disease known as the Bubonic Plague. The Bubonic Plague diffused to many people during its time of dominance. To start, the Bubonic Plague is transmitted to other living organisms in a distinct way. The plague bacteria circulates among different populations of certain rodents without causing an excessive amount of rodent die-off (â€Å"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention†)Read MoreEssay on The Black Death1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was an extensive epidemic that spread across Europe from 1346 to 1353, killing over an estimated one-third of Europe’s entire population (Medieval World 56). Although historians are not entirely sure of its origin, the Black Death spread quickly across both Europe and Asia with a death toll that augmented rapidly. The plague also had unusual and deadly symptoms, causing â€Å"panic everywhere, with men and women knowing no way to stop death except to flee from it† (Kohn 28). The chaosRead MoreThe Black Plague, By Walter Wyman Essay1557 Words   |à ‚  7 Pagesthat explores deeper into that period, especially the Black plague. Assembling three primary sources of the black plague, each has a different perspective of what was portrayed in the academic article. Walter Wyman review’s The North American Review which argues where the Black Plague also known as the Bubonic Plague originated from. Wyman brings up that the plague was found in areas in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Additionally he claims the Plague had killed ancient Egyptian Kings and began to spreadRead MoreThe Plague Of The 19th Century926 Words   |  4 PagesThe plague that struck Europe and Asia in the 14th century was undoubtedly the most devastating disease or natural disaster the world ever faced. The Bubonic Plague or Black Death killed an estimated 25 million people from 1347 to 1352 in Europe, which accounted for one third of Europe’s population.-1 Historians believed that the Plague started in Asia and then spread to Europe. The plague lasted for five devastating years, but it’s wrath did not end in 1352. The Plague would reappear throughRead More Black Death Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pages Black Death, outbreak of bubonic plague that struck Eu rope and the Mediterranean area from 1347 through 1351. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the early 18th century. A cycle of ancient plagues had preceded these plagues between the 6th and 8th centuries AD; another cycle of modern followed them, but less deadly, plagues that began in the late 19th century and continue in the 20th century. The term quot;Black Deathquot; was not used to refer to theRead MoreI Shall Protect You From The Plague. Alice Mcmurray. Period1684 Words   |  7 PagesI Shall Protect You From The Plague Alice McMurray Period 6 April 21, 2017  Introduction Greetings, my great and powerful king! It is I, Margaret Stone, and I have come to inform you of the troubles of the Black Death. My great great grandfather, Michael of Piazza, was the first to record information on the Black Plague. I am writing this to protect you from ever getting this terrible, terrible disease. We can’t have a king as great as you die from this; it wouldn’t be a death equivalent to yourRead MoreProcopius View of the Byzantine Plague948 Words   |  4 Pagesattributes the sixth-century plague in Byzantium to God. According to Cameron (1985), his comments suggest that he believes in a religious explanation for the plague, though he does not here ascribe it to the wrath of God, as did so many of his contemporaries (42). However, in order to avoid condescending to Procopius, it is worth noting that his reasoning for this attribution is far more scientific than his conclusion might lead us to believe: it did not behave as prior plagues did, restrictin g itself

The Negative Effects of Social Networking on Teenagers

The popularity of social networking increased rapidly during the past few years, and it has become part of everyone life in our society. Social Networking can define as an online site that focuses on creating the relationships among people who share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections (Boyd Ellison, 2008). The popular social networking sites, for instance, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram are used excessively in teenagers’ society. It is a new socialization for them. It is true that the social network is a decent method to communicate with friends. However, social networking has negative effects on teenagers in regard to their academic outcomes, their socialization, and their behavior. First of all, overusing social networking in adolescences has direct impact on academic outcomes. Nowadays, social networking has turn into norm for teenagers. Some teens think that it is necessary to participate in all or some social networking sites in order to maintain relationship with their friends or be a part of teen’s society. If someone was not participating in any social networking sites, that person could feel rejected or social ostracized (Bloxham, 2010). Therefore, many teens have addicted to social networking, and always play it even they are studying. They cannot concentrate on their study and it affects on their grades. It shows that social networking has distracted students’ attention of learning. In the study of psychology of technology by Larry RosenShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Social Media Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesStatistics show that teens spend nearly 9 hours a day on social media websites, which is more than one-third of their day (T sukayama). Social media, among teenagers and young adults, is quite popular. It is used on many different platforms and in so many ways which allows high schoolers to be constantly attached. Over the past decade, with the emergence of social media, the amount of time these websites consume from individuals has become greater and greater. Parents who have grown up in a differentRead MorePro And Cons Of Social Media1168 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Networking, More Like Social NOTworking Picture this, you just got the greatest haircut of your life. Feeling good, you take a selfie and post it on Instagram with the caption, â€Å"Feelin’ good.† A few hours later, you get a notification that someone commented on your picture. That comment reads, â€Å"You’re feeling good about THAT haircut? LOL!† You were just a victim of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is one of the many negative effects of social networking and social media on teens, and could createRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society954 Words   |  4 Pagesaccess to the internet, and the use of social media has basically become a new way of living and communication between people. Some people stated that the social networking sites has more advantages than there is disadvantages. This statement is somewhat reliable since people can chat with friends, family, and other people that are in different countries through some social networking sites. However, there are also some seri ous problems that come up with social media if people cannot use it in theRead MoreSocial Networkings Negative Effect on Society1042 Words   |  5 PagesHenry Yelkin Social Networking’s Negative Effect on the Young of Today Social networking sites such as Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram are changing the youth’s focus from productive activities, to the indulgence of their adolescent egos. Many teenagers growing up today have chosen to pursue accomplishments that hold no meaning, such as getting 100 likes on their photos. What is worse is that the youth subconsciously know that having this-many followers or that-many likes will get them nowhereRead MoreEssay about The Epidemic Taking Over America’s Future1040 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 15, 2010, the movie â€Å"The Social Network† was released and later received over $220 million dollars in revenue. The reason this movie received such a high amount of revenue is because of all the teenage users of social networking sites. This makes the debatable case of whether social networking is considered unhealthy for teenagers. But through common sense and logic, anyone can see that it should be considered a negative aspect because it encoura ges procrastination, creates a false senseRead MoreDetrimental Traditional Media and Social Media1460 Words   |  6 Pagesinformed, to be educated or to be entertained. People, especially teenagers, are purposely or unknowingly connecting to each other by communicating and informing themselves about the latest trends, events and happenings in the community. They are fed by information regarding different issues that happen in their day-to-day activities. Also, they are pleased by the good reviews of media but along with its swift development are other effects that harm the environment and the people living in it. KaiserRead MoreEffects Of Social Media Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesHow does social networking affect teens? Social Networking is â€Å" the use of dedicated websites and applications to interact with other or to find people with similar interests†. Social networking consists of various social media websites such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, etc. These social media applications have become increasingly popular amongst teens. The web’s social network has grown to be one of the largest and most influential outlet on the internet. Social media have both a positiveRead MoreThe Impact of Modern Social Networking Technologies on the Lives of Teenagers1194 Words   |  5 PagesModern forms of social networking can be a challenge and an advantage for people of any age, this can be particularly so for teenagers. This essay will discuss the positives and negatives of modern forms of social networking in the lives of teenagers today, in comparison to the methods of social networking used in past generations. Firstly, this essay will argue that modern social networking methods can provide many benefits to teenagers today which were not available to past generations. SecondlyRead MoreSocial Networking And Its Effects On Social Media965 Words   |  4 PagesMegan E. Garner Professor Seward Information Literacy ITE 119-41 30 March 2016 Social Networking Misfires With the development of advances in technology, communication through social networking has risen immensely. Communicating is not only less complicated, it is also relatively inexpensive. â€Å"Many teens in relationships view social media as a place where they can feel more connected with the daily events in there significant other’s life, share emotional connections, and let their significant otherRead MoreAdvantages of Social Media for Teenagers Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesis very into social media. Social media has become a part and parcel of everyone’s life. Even kindergarden students have at least a little knowledge on social media. Social media is defined as a relationship that exist between network and people. A very common and widely used example of social media would be web sites for social networking and microblogging. Examples of utmost used social networking sites are â€Å" Facebook Ë ® and â€Å" Twitter Ë ®. Nowadays coming across kids on social networking sites has become

Analysis Of Cathedral And The Handsomest Man Drowned

Point of view is an integral tool that is used by authors to express an individual’s feelings, emotions, and thoughts throughout the story. It gives the reader an understanding of a character’s development. The first person point of view is limited to one character as it draws the reader into the mind of one character’s thoughts and emotions. Third person narration may be omniscient or limited. The third person omniscient tells the story in which the narrator is aware of the thoughts and feelings of all the characters, while limited third person is restricted to the thoughts of certain characters. The use of the first person narration and third person limited omniscient may at first seem restraining because it only presents one or a limited number of character’s thoughts and feeling. However, the use of first person narration in â€Å"Cathedral† and the use of limited third person perspective in â€Å"The Handsomest Man Drowned in the World,† is effective because both provides a deeper insight into character’s feelings, thoughts, and opinions. These choices of narration also aid a reader in relating to the characters, and helps convey the central theme of the story. First person narrators are the characters who have very limited knowledge about other characters and convey the story in the perspective of â€Å"I† and â€Å"we.† In â€Å"Cathedral,† Carver uses the first person narration to reveal information about the narrator’s personality. The opening scene of the story makes it apparent that the

Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag Free Essays

Historical background of the business Today Merck Co, Inc. is one of the most recognizable companies in the pharmaceutical industry. When asked about Merck, most people think that it is and always has been a US company. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the company’s history can be traced all the way back to the 1600’s where it was started in Darmstadt, Germany. Friedrich Jacob Merck purchased a local store in 1668 where he prepared and sold medicines. The store was called â€Å"At the sign of the Angels† and would remain in the Merck family for many generations (Merck co. , 2000). In 1827, Heinrich Emmanuel Merck and renamed E. MERCK AG transformed the store into a drug manufacturer. The pharmacy was so successful that by 1855 E. Merck AG was selling medications worldwide. It was at this time that Merck decided to send a company officer to the United States to set up a sales office. Once in the U. S. in 1899, Heinrich’s grandson George Merck bought one hundred and fifty acres in Rahway, New Jersey. A couple of years later, in 1903, Merck started production in its new U. S. headquarters. By this time Merck was not just producing drugs, it was also starting to produce different types of chemicals and there was also a research lab. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, George Merck, fearing that Germany would win the war and take over his company, sold all of his stock to a US company named Alien Property Custodian (Merck Co. , 2000). This ended all of Merck’s ties to Germany. After the war, George Merck regained a controlling share of the company in 1919 and from that day forward Merck has always been a publicly owned company. George Merck continued to grow the company until his death in 1926 at which time his son, George W. Merck took over. In 1926, George W. Merck decided to merge the company with Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten, which was a Philadelphia, based pharmaceutical company. In 1927 the company was officially incorporated and renamed Merck Co. Inc. This merger gave George W. Merck the capital he needed to recruit new chemists and biologists, which lead to the discovery of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 was a huge success, but because the war had been over for several years, new foreign companies were continually underselling Merck. With no new products in sight, George W. Merck decided to merge with a Baltimore company by the name of Sharp Dohme, Inc. This merger was believed to have saved Merck from going under; it gave Merck new marketing facilities and a new distribution network, which it desperately needed. By the time George W. Merck died in 1957, the company had hit the one hundred million dollar mark. Not only was the dollar mark significant, George’s death marked the last time a Merck family member would ever be in control. From the 60’s on, Merck continued to raise its market share taking advantage of its research and development, which continually produced new and popular drugs every year. Today Merck employs over fifty five thousand people and produces some of the most well known pharmaceutical products on the market. With profits totaling a little fewer than six billion dollars and annual sales of over twelve and half billion dollars, Merck is considered one of the best pharmaceutical companies in the world. Products Throughout the years, Merck has made itself a reputation for developing high quality products that consumers know will work. The drugs are developed to help with all different types of problems. Some medicines are used for every day symptoms like a stuffed up nose and some are used for more serious illnesses like the treatment of HIV. Since Merck Co. , Inc. was founded; it has always made a point to have an above average research and development program so that it could appeal to a wide variety of consumers no matter what symptoms they were trying to cure. Some of the first products ever distributed by Merck in the 1820’s were morphine, codeine and cocaine. These three products allowed Merck enough revenue to begin research on other types of products. In 1933 Merck scientists discovered vitamin B12 which was, at the time, used as a therapeutic drug. The sales from B12 alone were enough to carry Merck into the next decade. Although Merck scientists discovered cortisone, which is a steroid, and streptomycin, which is used to treat tuberculosis, the 1940’s, 50’s and 60’s were fairly slow periods for Merck. Other products such as Aldomet, which is used to treat depression, Indocin and Clinoril which are anti-inflammatory drugs, were developed but none of them had the impact on revenue that Merck was used to. It was not until the mid to late 70’s that Merck came out with some new products that really connected with consumers. It was at this time that Timoptic and Enalapril were invented. Timoptic is a hepatitis vaccine that helps with the treatment of glaucoma and Enalapril is a high blood pressure medication. Sales from these two drugs were well over a half a billion dollars by the early 1980’s. Things only got better for Merck from the 1980’s through 2000. During this time Merck produced over twenty new drugs. Some of the more popular drugs include Cosopt, used in the treatment of glaucoma, Propecia, which is used to treat hair loss, Maxalt, which is used for migraine headaches, and Singulair, which treats cases of asthma. Although all of these medications worked out very well for Merck’s profit, there were three drugs that stood above the rest. Vasotec was a treatment for congestive heart failure and Merck’s first billion dollar a year drug. That was followed by Vioxx which is a pain medication used to treat arthritis and also a billion dollar a year seller. The most popular drug Merck ever produced was Zocor. Zocor is a cholesterol-fighting drug that was introduced in 1992. Not only was zocor a multi-billion dollar a year drug, it was one of the most successful selling pharmaceutical drugs ever (Merck Co. , 2000). Zocor accounted for over four billion dollars in worldwide sales in 2004 alone. With products like these and a continued dedication to research and development, Merck will be a major player in the pharmaceutical industry for many years to come. Company Locations Merck and its subsidiaries have locations all over the world. Their main headquarters is currently located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey. Merck takes pride in being a global healthcare leader. According to their website they currently have 83,000 employees worldwide (Merck. com). In 2009, Merck merged with competitor Shering-Plough, which extended Merck’s reach into the global economy. According to Muse (2011), Merck has over 75 locations, â€Å"Drawing from its locations in 77 countries, Merck’s worldwide sales for 2009 were $27. 4 billion (Muse p. 251). † These locations stretch across the continental United States from New Jersey to San Francisco. The worldwide locations include factories in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Japan. Merck’s revenues continue to climb with their global growth. The revenues recorded in various regions by Merck in 2012 include, â€Å" |2012 Revenues |United States | |(By Geographic Region) |$20. 4 billion | | | | | |Europe, Middle East and Africa | | |$13. billion | | | | | |Japan | | |$5. 1 billion | | | | | |Other | | |$8. billion (Merck. com). † | | | | Merck is seen as a leader on the stage of global expansion. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Merck continues to grow and expand its influence in an effort to provide their vaccines and medicines across the globe. Their recent merger will allow them to test markets that they have not had experience in before, and help increase their profits globally. Style of International Business Merck has been on the forefront of International Business and is one of the leaders at adapting to new employees in diverse geographic locations. The company has maintained a policy of progressiveness in their workplace. According to Muse (2011) Merck is one of the leaders in this field. They have been ranked among the Top 50 Companies for Diversity and the 100 Best Corporate Citizens List (Muse p. 251). † Merck makes diversity one of their top priorities and it is well documented on their website. They have created a voice for the different diverse peoples within their company. It is a new way to maintain communication with the feelings and thoughts of various groups in different regions throughout the world. Merck calls these Global Constituency Groups. According to their website, â€Å"We’ve taken an innovative, global approach to our diversity strategy through the creation of Global Constituency Groups. These groups represent the diverse constituencies in our company, our customers and society, in general. The members represent different geographies, cultures and areas of expertise. Together they reflect Merck employees and customers globally†. Merck. com) With this process, Merck is able to keep up with the problems and successes within the different constituencies throughout the company. Merck’s plan to achieve diversity within their company begins from the leadership positions. Filling these positions with people mindful of diversity has allowed the company to continue to keep its place among the most diverse companies in the worl d. According to Merck, â€Å"Diversity and inclusion are integrated into our leadership model, and are considered an essential leadership skill for all of our employees (Merck. com). Merck preaches this diversity not only to their employees, but their suppliers as well. â€Å"At Merck, we believe that having a diverse supplier base helps us better understand and anticipate the needs of the people we serve (Merck. com). † This creates a positive culture throughout the company of acceptance and tolerance towards others. It is a progressive policy that allows Merck to continue to flourish and it is a model style of International Business. Strategic Alliances Merck has made many strategic alliances throughout the years to help improve their products or supply them to a wider range of people. In the late 80’s Merck made an alliance with one of the biggest companies in the United States, Johnson Johnson. According to the International Directory of Company Histories (2000), â€Å"In 1989 Merck joined with Johnson Johnson in a venture to develop over-the-counter (OTC) versions of Merck’s prescription medications, initially for the U. S. market, later expanded to Europe and Canada (encyclopedia. com)†. This helped Merck products become more easily available to consumers throughout the world. At the time this alliance was hailed as a blockbuster deal that would create growth for both companies. This deal lasted over twenty years and was very profitable for both parties. When Merck sold their stake in the deal in 2011, they received $175 million for it. The largest alliance Merck has made recently is the acquisition, or reverse merger, of their rival Schering-Plough. The $40 billion deal was made in an effort to keep up with other companies in the pharmaceutical market, especially Pfizer. According to Singer (2009), â€Å"The merger would join pharmaceutical companies that had combined sales of $46. 9 billion last year (p. 1). † This alliance expanded Merck globally and allowed it to tap into Schering-Plough’s resources. These resources ranged from new drugs for Merck to market, to a bigger pipeline to promote their own drugs. According to Singer (2009), â€Å"The merger gives it access to successful brand-name Schering products with much longer patents, like the prescription allergy spray Nasonex. And Merck could capitalize on Schering’s investments in promising biotechnology drugs (Singer p. 1 ). † This alliance helped Merck continue to be a formidable competitor in the global pharmaceutical market. With this deal happening only a few short years ago, Merck continues to grow and utilize its new resources in the market today. Exports Merck’s exports consist of various types of pharmaceuticals. Some of their most profitable exports include Singulair, Fosamax, Nasonex, and Vytorin. Singulair is used to treat seasonal allergies like other drugs such as Claritin and Allegra. It can also be used to prevent asthma attacks. It has been very profitable for Merck in the past. Yet, sales began to dramatically fall when media reports about the disturbing side effects of Singulair began to surface. The worst of these side effects included depression and suicidal thoughts. Still, even in spite of Singulair’s profit drop, Merck continues to make large amounts of money off of the export. Nasonex and Vytorin are two products that were a result of the Merck and Schering-Plough merger. Nasonex is a nasal spray used to treat seasonal allergies in adults and children. It has proved to be a positive part of the merger, becoming one of Merck’s most profitable products. Vytorin was already part of a joint effort between Merck and Schering-Plough even before the merger. Vytorin is a combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin used to treat cholesterol levels. They created and marketed the product together. After the merger, Merck continued to sell and market Vytorin. Fosamax is another popular export of the Merck Company. It is used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Fosamax was previously one of Merck’s best selling drugs. Yet, because of patent problems, they have lost large amount of money. According to Singer (2009) â€Å"Merck’s former blockbuster bone drug Fosamax has gone generic, and in a few years the same thing will happen to its best-selling allergy and asthma drug Singulair (pg. 1 ). † These exports have been Merck’s main products in the past. In the future, with their recent merger, they should be able to develop new products that can help them rebound from the losses they took from products like Fosamax and Singulair. Transportation In order to effectively and efficiently deliver their products throughout the world, Merck has contracted UPS to deliver them. As of June 2011, the joint venture known as MSD has announced that it would include and take care of Merck’s logistics and distribution around the world, which till now only managed Merck’s distribution, warehousing and transportation in North America (Berman, 2011). According to Willie A. Deese, executive vice president and president, Merck Manufacturing Division,â€Å" This expanded agreement with UPS allows us to focus on our core business as a global healthcare leader that looks for innovative ways to bring our medicines and vaccines to patients in emerging markets and markets around the world† (businesswire, 2011). The collaboration, which began in early 2003 with UPS just taking care of the transportation and delivery of products over time, has extended to North American distribution, warehousing and multi-modal transportation services (businesswire, 2011). Merck now entrusted UPS with taking care of their logistics in countries like China, Brazil as well as Latin America among others. UPS also stated that it would establish proper facilities in order to store goods and vaccines so in order to ensure quicker and efficient delivery system (Berman, 2011). Merck believes that this extended partnership with UPS would result in being cost effective in the long run. Although Merck does rely on other logistic companies as well, but they rely more heavily on UPS and this current agreement will only further increase the company’s trust in the logistics firm (businesswire, 2011). Ethical Standards The code of ethics from Merck’s website (2013) states: Being a good corporate citizen means that we comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Also, we serve our society, from the local communities in which we operate to the national and international levels, by supporting a number of programs, including those that improve health and promote environmental sustainability. All of our activities are guided by our corporate responsibility principle of â€Å"Helping the World Be Well†. (p. 1) Ethical Violations Merck Co. ave developed some great products that have helped many people. They have even done some amazing humanitarian work that follows their mission of their code of ethics, which is to help the people of this world be as healthy as they can. For example, After World War II, many people who were living in Japan could not afford the Merck developed drug streptomycin (Miller Goldman, 2003). Streptomycin was the first drug to fight tub erculosis. Merck decided to sell streptomycin at a much lower cost in Japan so it could be distributed to those who needed it and could not afford it at market value. Merck is also one of the nation’s largest donors to UNICEF. One of the ways that Merck has partnered with UNICEF is by donating a drug called Mectizan. Mectizan is a drug that Merck has developed to fight river blindness, and Merck has teamed up with UNICEF in order to distribute Mectizan to anyone who needs it (Unicef, 2013). But the business strategies for Merck have not always been as ethically sound as it may appear. On September 30th 2004 the drug that Merck had created to treat arthritis and severe pain, Vioxx, was pulled off the shelves for good. The reason behind shutting down this drug was that it was found to have caused serious illnesses after long term use, including heart attacks and strokes (Kay, 2004). Vioxx was withdrawn only five years after being introduced, but in that short time had effected many, in those five years there had been over eighty million prescriptions for Vioxx (Kay, 2004). Dr David Graham, the associate director for science and medicine at the Office of Drug Safety, estimates that Vioxx caused between 88,000 and 139,000 heart attacks, of which thirty to forty percent have most likely died (Kay, 2004). But did Merck know of this threat before they started to market the drug? Before Merck released Vioxx in 1999 their own scientist conducted tests on Vioxx while developing it. In 1997 these scientist did a study and found that patients who were being tested on were six times more likely to have heart complications when using Vioxx compared to other arthritis drugs. But this study was never released and the data was never sent to the FDA (Culp Isobel, 2007). Scientist also completed a VIGOR (Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research) test on the drug and found evidence that people who take Vioxx had a five times higher chance of having a heart attack (Cahana Mauron, 2006). In 2001 Merck scientist had another test called â€Å"meta-analysis†. The meta-analysis tested 20,000 patients, and again showed that these patients were twice as likely to have a heart attack while taking Vioxx compared to other drugs (Culp Isobel, 2007). Not only did Merck know about these risks and kept the results to themselves, they also trained their sales people on how to dodge the subject. In order to train the sales force who were going to be selling Vioxx to doctors, Merck developed a card game called dodgeball. The purpose of this game was to teach the sales force different ways to dodge questions asked by doctors about the effects Vioxx has on the heart (Daily, 2005). This again proves that Merck knew of these risks caused by taking Vioxx, but was trying to make sure that information was kept in house. Another instance where Merck lacked good ethical decision making is when they decided to pay Elsevier to publish a magazine for them. Elsevier is a publishing company that focuses mainly on medical and scientific literature. Merck’s marketing team decided to pay Elsevier to publish a journal called The Australiasian Journal of Bone Joint Medicine. This journal was made to look like any other peer-reviewed medical journal but it was far from it. Merck’s marketing department handpicked the articles that they wanted to put in this journal, with the purpose of trying to control what articles were chosen to be in the journal. They took advantage of this situation by picking articles that favored Merck products and disguising this marketing scheme as a peer review journal (Grant, 2009). For instance in the second issue twenty one of the twenty nine articles spoke about Merck’s products in a favorable way, nine of them positively talking about Vioxx (Grant, 2009). Merck also had an ethical downfall when management decided to change the prices of their product. Not only was Merck paying doctors to prescribe Merck medicine when patients were in the hospital, Merck also started to give hospitals a ninety two percent discount on their medicine; with the idea that after the patient was discharged they would want to stay on the same medicine (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008). The insurance company would pay full price for the drugs after the patient was discharged and that is where Merck would bring in their profit. An employee within Merck saw what was going on and didn’t approve. A lawsuit quickly followed and Merck ended up paying $671 million, including sixty eight million dollars to the whistleblower (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008). Even after settling Merck did not think they were in the wrong with this pricing, as Merck to pay whistleblower (2008) reported Merck making a statement saying they â€Å"stands by its pricing strategies but is keen to resolve the dispute† (p. 2). Unfortunately for Merck, Vioxx isn’t the only drug that has caused people to question Merck’s ethical decision making when it comes to their customers. As noted above, Merck released a drug called Propecia to the public that helped men with baldness. The problem with Propecia is that men are starting to see a great increase in sexual problems. Merc k says that only one out of fifty men will see significant sexual side effects, and those side effects will disappear after you stop taking Propecia (Thornton, 2011). But that doesn’t seem to be the case. A recent study by Micheal Irving showed that ninety percent of his test patients still showed signs of sexual problems forty months after being off of Propecia (Thornton, 2011). This is where ethics will hurt Merck the most. Not only have there been hundreds of millions of dollars in fines and settlements that will be paid out, but if Merck continues to keep making unethical managerial decisions, Merck will lose the trust of their customers. Even though there is no evidence yet that Merck knew that Propecia would harm people after they stopped taking the drug, it’s hard not to think of how the Merck management decided to handle Vioxx. The financial hit is a big blow that will slow present and future projects, but money is a lot easier to gain back than trust. References Berman, J. (2011, June). UPS and Merck extend relationship with a global supply chain focus. Retrieved February 2013, from http://www. logisticsmgmt. com/article/ups_and_merck_extend_relationship_witha_ global_supply_chain_focus/ businesswire. (2011, June). UPS and Merck Expand Their Distribution and Logistics Agreement. Retrieved February 2013, from businesswire. com: http://www. businesswire. com/news/home/20110628005271/en/UPS-Merck-Expand-Distribution-Logistics-Agreement Cahana, A. , Mauron, A. (2006). The story of Vioxx—no pain and a lot of gain: ethical concerns regarding conduct of the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of anesthesia,  20(4), 348-351. doi:10. 1007/s00540-006-0432-7 Culp, D. R. , Isobel, B. (2007, August 6). Merck and the Vioxx       debacle. Retrieved February 13, 2013 from St. Johns University,       Web site: http://www. stjohns. edu/media/3/2c0778b7593f4a178b60354abc80bad8. pdf Grant, B. (2009, April 30). Merck published fake journal. Retrieved Febuary 12, 2013 from, Web site: http://www. the-scientist. om/? articles. view/articleNo/27376/title/Merck- published-fake- journal/ Daily, M. (2005, July 18). Merck used ‘dodge ball’ on Vioxx       questions-lawyer. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from, Web site:       http://www. redorbit. com/news/general/178738/ Kay, J. ( 2004, November 22). The Vioxx scandal: Damning senate       testimony reveals drug company, government complicity. Retrieved 2013, February 9 from , Web site: http://www. wsws. org/en/articles/2004/11/viox-n22. html Merck Co. , Inc. International Directory of Company Histories. 2000. Retrieved February 19, 2013 from Encyclopedia. com:  http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843800076. html Merck Sharp Dohme Corp. , a subsidiary of  Merck Co. , Inc. (2009-2013). Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. merck. com/index. html Merck to pay whistleblower. (2008). TCE: The Chemical Engineer, (801), 12. Miller, C. , Goldman, K. (2003, October, 23). Merck, aids, and       Africa. Retrieved February 2, 2013 from New York University,       Leonard N. Stern School of Business Web site: http://pages. stern. nyu. edu/~lcabral/teaching/aids. pdf Muse, L. A. (2011). Flexibility implementation to a global workforce: a case study of Merck and Company, Inc. Community, Work Family,  14(2), 249-256. Singer, N. (March 9, 2009). Merck to Buy Schering-Plough for $41. 1 Billion. The New York Times, Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/10/business/10drug. html? _r=0 February 19, 2013. Thornton, J. (2011). A Hair-Raising Side Effect. Men’s Health (10544836), 26(10), 102-105. Unicef (2013). Merck co. , inc. Retrieved January 12, 2013 from, Partners Web site       http://www. unicefusa. org/partners/corporate/merck. html How to cite Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag, Essay examples Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag Free Essays Historical background of the business Today Merck Co, Inc. is one of the most recognizable companies in the pharmaceutical industry. When asked about Merck, most people think that it is and always has been a US company. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the company’s history can be traced all the way back to the 1600’s where it was started in Darmstadt, Germany. Friedrich Jacob Merck purchased a local store in 1668 where he prepared and sold medicines. The store was called â€Å"At the sign of the Angels† and would remain in the Merck family for many generations (Merck co. , 2000). In 1827, Heinrich Emmanuel Merck and renamed E. MERCK AG transformed the store into a drug manufacturer. The pharmacy was so successful that by 1855 E. Merck AG was selling medications worldwide. It was at this time that Merck decided to send a company officer to the United States to set up a sales office. Once in the U. S. in 1899, Heinrich’s grandson George Merck bought one hundred and fifty acres in Rahway, New Jersey. A couple of years later, in 1903, Merck started production in its new U. S. headquarters. By this time Merck was not just producing drugs, it was also starting to produce different types of chemicals and there was also a research lab. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, George Merck, fearing that Germany would win the war and take over his company, sold all of his stock to a US company named Alien Property Custodian (Merck Co. , 2000). This ended all of Merck’s ties to Germany. After the war, George Merck regained a controlling share of the company in 1919 and from that day forward Merck has always been a publicly owned company. George Merck continued to grow the company until his death in 1926 at which time his son, George W. Merck took over. In 1926, George W. Merck decided to merge the company with Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten, which was a Philadelphia, based pharmaceutical company. In 1927 the company was officially incorporated and renamed Merck Co. Inc. This merger gave George W. Merck the capital he needed to recruit new chemists and biologists, which lead to the discovery of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 was a huge success, but because the war had been over for several years, new foreign companies were continually underselling Merck. With no new products in sight, George W. Merck decided to merge with a Baltimore company by the name of Sharp Dohme, Inc. This merger was believed to have saved Merck from going under; it gave Merck new marketing facilities and a new distribution network, which it desperately needed. By the time George W. Merck died in 1957, the company had hit the one hundred million dollar mark. Not only was the dollar mark significant, George’s death marked the last time a Merck family member would ever be in control. From the 60’s on, Merck continued to raise its market share taking advantage of its research and development, which continually produced new and popular drugs every year. Today Merck employs over fifty five thousand people and produces some of the most well known pharmaceutical products on the market. With profits totaling a little fewer than six billion dollars and annual sales of over twelve and half billion dollars, Merck is considered one of the best pharmaceutical companies in the world. Products Throughout the years, Merck has made itself a reputation for developing high quality products that consumers know will work. The drugs are developed to help with all different types of problems. Some medicines are used for every day symptoms like a stuffed up nose and some are used for more serious illnesses like the treatment of HIV. Since Merck Co. , Inc. was founded; it has always made a point to have an above average research and development program so that it could appeal to a wide variety of consumers no matter what symptoms they were trying to cure. Some of the first products ever distributed by Merck in the 1820’s were morphine, codeine and cocaine. These three products allowed Merck enough revenue to begin research on other types of products. In 1933 Merck scientists discovered vitamin B12 which was, at the time, used as a therapeutic drug. The sales from B12 alone were enough to carry Merck into the next decade. Although Merck scientists discovered cortisone, which is a steroid, and streptomycin, which is used to treat tuberculosis, the 1940’s, 50’s and 60’s were fairly slow periods for Merck. Other products such as Aldomet, which is used to treat depression, Indocin and Clinoril which are anti-inflammatory drugs, were developed but none of them had the impact on revenue that Merck was used to. It was not until the mid to late 70’s that Merck came out with some new products that really connected with consumers. It was at this time that Timoptic and Enalapril were invented. Timoptic is a hepatitis vaccine that helps with the treatment of glaucoma and Enalapril is a high blood pressure medication. Sales from these two drugs were well over a half a billion dollars by the early 1980’s. Things only got better for Merck from the 1980’s through 2000. During this time Merck produced over twenty new drugs. Some of the more popular drugs include Cosopt, used in the treatment of glaucoma, Propecia, which is used to treat hair loss, Maxalt, which is used for migraine headaches, and Singulair, which treats cases of asthma. Although all of these medications worked out very well for Merck’s profit, there were three drugs that stood above the rest. Vasotec was a treatment for congestive heart failure and Merck’s first billion dollar a year drug. That was followed by Vioxx which is a pain medication used to treat arthritis and also a billion dollar a year seller. The most popular drug Merck ever produced was Zocor. Zocor is a cholesterol-fighting drug that was introduced in 1992. Not only was zocor a multi-billion dollar a year drug, it was one of the most successful selling pharmaceutical drugs ever (Merck Co. , 2000). Zocor accounted for over four billion dollars in worldwide sales in 2004 alone. With products like these and a continued dedication to research and development, Merck will be a major player in the pharmaceutical industry for many years to come. Company Locations Merck and its subsidiaries have locations all over the world. Their main headquarters is currently located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey. Merck takes pride in being a global healthcare leader. According to their website they currently have 83,000 employees worldwide (Merck. com). In 2009, Merck merged with competitor Shering-Plough, which extended Merck’s reach into the global economy. According to Muse (2011), Merck has over 75 locations, â€Å"Drawing from its locations in 77 countries, Merck’s worldwide sales for 2009 were $27. 4 billion (Muse p. 251). † These locations stretch across the continental United States from New Jersey to San Francisco. The worldwide locations include factories in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Japan. Merck’s revenues continue to climb with their global growth. The revenues recorded in various regions by Merck in 2012 include, â€Å" |2012 Revenues |United States | |(By Geographic Region) |$20. 4 billion | | | | | |Europe, Middle East and Africa | | |$13. billion | | | | | |Japan | | |$5. 1 billion | | | | | |Other | | |$8. billion (Merck. com). † | | | | Merck is seen as a leader on the stage of global expansion. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Merck continues to grow and expand its influence in an effort to provide their vaccines and medicines across the globe. Their recent merger will allow them to test markets that they have not had experience in before, and help increase their profits globally. Style of International Business Merck has been on the forefront of International Business and is one of the leaders at adapting to new employees in diverse geographic locations. The company has maintained a policy of progressiveness in their workplace. According to Muse (2011) Merck is one of the leaders in this field. They have been ranked among the Top 50 Companies for Diversity and the 100 Best Corporate Citizens List (Muse p. 251). † Merck makes diversity one of their top priorities and it is well documented on their website. They have created a voice for the different diverse peoples within their company. It is a new way to maintain communication with the feelings and thoughts of various groups in different regions throughout the world. Merck calls these Global Constituency Groups. According to their website, â€Å"We’ve taken an innovative, global approach to our diversity strategy through the creation of Global Constituency Groups. These groups represent the diverse constituencies in our company, our customers and society, in general. The members represent different geographies, cultures and areas of expertise. Together they reflect Merck employees and customers globally†. Merck. com) With this process, Merck is able to keep up with the problems and successes within the different constituencies throughout the company. Merck’s plan to achieve diversity within their company begins from the leadership positions. Filling these positions with people mindful of diversity has allowed the company to continue to keep its place among the most diverse companies in the worl d. According to Merck, â€Å"Diversity and inclusion are integrated into our leadership model, and are considered an essential leadership skill for all of our employees (Merck. com). Merck preaches this diversity not only to their employees, but their suppliers as well. â€Å"At Merck, we believe that having a diverse supplier base helps us better understand and anticipate the needs of the people we serve (Merck. com). † This creates a positive culture throughout the company of acceptance and tolerance towards others. It is a progressive policy that allows Merck to continue to flourish and it is a model style of International Business. Strategic Alliances Merck has made many strategic alliances throughout the years to help improve their products or supply them to a wider range of people. In the late 80’s Merck made an alliance with one of the biggest companies in the United States, Johnson Johnson. According to the International Directory of Company Histories (2000), â€Å"In 1989 Merck joined with Johnson Johnson in a venture to develop over-the-counter (OTC) versions of Merck’s prescription medications, initially for the U. S. market, later expanded to Europe and Canada (encyclopedia. com)†. This helped Merck products become more easily available to consumers throughout the world. At the time this alliance was hailed as a blockbuster deal that would create growth for both companies. This deal lasted over twenty years and was very profitable for both parties. When Merck sold their stake in the deal in 2011, they received $175 million for it. The largest alliance Merck has made recently is the acquisition, or reverse merger, of their rival Schering-Plough. The $40 billion deal was made in an effort to keep up with other companies in the pharmaceutical market, especially Pfizer. According to Singer (2009), â€Å"The merger would join pharmaceutical companies that had combined sales of $46. 9 billion last year (p. 1). † This alliance expanded Merck globally and allowed it to tap into Schering-Plough’s resources. These resources ranged from new drugs for Merck to market, to a bigger pipeline to promote their own drugs. According to Singer (2009), â€Å"The merger gives it access to successful brand-name Schering products with much longer patents, like the prescription allergy spray Nasonex. And Merck could capitalize on Schering’s investments in promising biotechnology drugs (Singer p. 1 ). † This alliance helped Merck continue to be a formidable competitor in the global pharmaceutical market. With this deal happening only a few short years ago, Merck continues to grow and utilize its new resources in the market today. Exports Merck’s exports consist of various types of pharmaceuticals. Some of their most profitable exports include Singulair, Fosamax, Nasonex, and Vytorin. Singulair is used to treat seasonal allergies like other drugs such as Claritin and Allegra. It can also be used to prevent asthma attacks. It has been very profitable for Merck in the past. Yet, sales began to dramatically fall when media reports about the disturbing side effects of Singulair began to surface. The worst of these side effects included depression and suicidal thoughts. Still, even in spite of Singulair’s profit drop, Merck continues to make large amounts of money off of the export. Nasonex and Vytorin are two products that were a result of the Merck and Schering-Plough merger. Nasonex is a nasal spray used to treat seasonal allergies in adults and children. It has proved to be a positive part of the merger, becoming one of Merck’s most profitable products. Vytorin was already part of a joint effort between Merck and Schering-Plough even before the merger. Vytorin is a combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin used to treat cholesterol levels. They created and marketed the product together. After the merger, Merck continued to sell and market Vytorin. Fosamax is another popular export of the Merck Company. It is used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Fosamax was previously one of Merck’s best selling drugs. Yet, because of patent problems, they have lost large amount of money. According to Singer (2009) â€Å"Merck’s former blockbuster bone drug Fosamax has gone generic, and in a few years the same thing will happen to its best-selling allergy and asthma drug Singulair (pg. 1 ). † These exports have been Merck’s main products in the past. In the future, with their recent merger, they should be able to develop new products that can help them rebound from the losses they took from products like Fosamax and Singulair. Transportation In order to effectively and efficiently deliver their products throughout the world, Merck has contracted UPS to deliver them. As of June 2011, the joint venture known as MSD has announced that it would include and take care of Merck’s logistics and distribution around the world, which till now only managed Merck’s distribution, warehousing and transportation in North America (Berman, 2011). According to Willie A. Deese, executive vice president and president, Merck Manufacturing Division,â€Å" This expanded agreement with UPS allows us to focus on our core business as a global healthcare leader that looks for innovative ways to bring our medicines and vaccines to patients in emerging markets and markets around the world† (businesswire, 2011). The collaboration, which began in early 2003 with UPS just taking care of the transportation and delivery of products over time, has extended to North American distribution, warehousing and multi-modal transportation services (businesswire, 2011). Merck now entrusted UPS with taking care of their logistics in countries like China, Brazil as well as Latin America among others. UPS also stated that it would establish proper facilities in order to store goods and vaccines so in order to ensure quicker and efficient delivery system (Berman, 2011). Merck believes that this extended partnership with UPS would result in being cost effective in the long run. Although Merck does rely on other logistic companies as well, but they rely more heavily on UPS and this current agreement will only further increase the company’s trust in the logistics firm (businesswire, 2011). Ethical Standards The code of ethics from Merck’s website (2013) states: Being a good corporate citizen means that we comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Also, we serve our society, from the local communities in which we operate to the national and international levels, by supporting a number of programs, including those that improve health and promote environmental sustainability. All of our activities are guided by our corporate responsibility principle of â€Å"Helping the World Be Well†. (p. 1) Ethical Violations Merck Co. ave developed some great products that have helped many people. They have even done some amazing humanitarian work that follows their mission of their code of ethics, which is to help the people of this world be as healthy as they can. For example, After World War II, many people who were living in Japan could not afford the Merck developed drug streptomycin (Miller Goldman, 2003). Streptomycin was the first drug to fight tub erculosis. Merck decided to sell streptomycin at a much lower cost in Japan so it could be distributed to those who needed it and could not afford it at market value. Merck is also one of the nation’s largest donors to UNICEF. One of the ways that Merck has partnered with UNICEF is by donating a drug called Mectizan. Mectizan is a drug that Merck has developed to fight river blindness, and Merck has teamed up with UNICEF in order to distribute Mectizan to anyone who needs it (Unicef, 2013). But the business strategies for Merck have not always been as ethically sound as it may appear. On September 30th 2004 the drug that Merck had created to treat arthritis and severe pain, Vioxx, was pulled off the shelves for good. The reason behind shutting down this drug was that it was found to have caused serious illnesses after long term use, including heart attacks and strokes (Kay, 2004). Vioxx was withdrawn only five years after being introduced, but in that short time had effected many, in those five years there had been over eighty million prescriptions for Vioxx (Kay, 2004). Dr David Graham, the associate director for science and medicine at the Office of Drug Safety, estimates that Vioxx caused between 88,000 and 139,000 heart attacks, of which thirty to forty percent have most likely died (Kay, 2004). But did Merck know of this threat before they started to market the drug? Before Merck released Vioxx in 1999 their own scientist conducted tests on Vioxx while developing it. In 1997 these scientist did a study and found that patients who were being tested on were six times more likely to have heart complications when using Vioxx compared to other arthritis drugs. But this study was never released and the data was never sent to the FDA (Culp Isobel, 2007). Scientist also completed a VIGOR (Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research) test on the drug and found evidence that people who take Vioxx had a five times higher chance of having a heart attack (Cahana Mauron, 2006). In 2001 Merck scientist had another test called â€Å"meta-analysis†. The meta-analysis tested 20,000 patients, and again showed that these patients were twice as likely to have a heart attack while taking Vioxx compared to other drugs (Culp Isobel, 2007). Not only did Merck know about these risks and kept the results to themselves, they also trained their sales people on how to dodge the subject. In order to train the sales force who were going to be selling Vioxx to doctors, Merck developed a card game called dodgeball. The purpose of this game was to teach the sales force different ways to dodge questions asked by doctors about the effects Vioxx has on the heart (Daily, 2005). This again proves that Merck knew of these risks caused by taking Vioxx, but was trying to make sure that information was kept in house. Another instance where Merck lacked good ethical decision making is when they decided to pay Elsevier to publish a magazine for them. Elsevier is a publishing company that focuses mainly on medical and scientific literature. Merck’s marketing team decided to pay Elsevier to publish a journal called The Australiasian Journal of Bone Joint Medicine. This journal was made to look like any other peer-reviewed medical journal but it was far from it. Merck’s marketing department handpicked the articles that they wanted to put in this journal, with the purpose of trying to control what articles were chosen to be in the journal. They took advantage of this situation by picking articles that favored Merck products and disguising this marketing scheme as a peer review journal (Grant, 2009). For instance in the second issue twenty one of the twenty nine articles spoke about Merck’s products in a favorable way, nine of them positively talking about Vioxx (Grant, 2009). Merck also had an ethical downfall when management decided to change the prices of their product. Not only was Merck paying doctors to prescribe Merck medicine when patients were in the hospital, Merck also started to give hospitals a ninety two percent discount on their medicine; with the idea that after the patient was discharged they would want to stay on the same medicine (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008). The insurance company would pay full price for the drugs after the patient was discharged and that is where Merck would bring in their profit. An employee within Merck saw what was going on and didn’t approve. A lawsuit quickly followed and Merck ended up paying $671 million, including sixty eight million dollars to the whistleblower (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008). Even after settling Merck did not think they were in the wrong with this pricing, as Merck to pay whistleblower (2008) reported Merck making a statement saying they â€Å"stands by its pricing strategies but is keen to resolve the dispute† (p. 2). Unfortunately for Merck, Vioxx isn’t the only drug that has caused people to question Merck’s ethical decision making when it comes to their customers. As noted above, Merck released a drug called Propecia to the public that helped men with baldness. The problem with Propecia is that men are starting to see a great increase in sexual problems. Merc k says that only one out of fifty men will see significant sexual side effects, and those side effects will disappear after you stop taking Propecia (Thornton, 2011). But that doesn’t seem to be the case. A recent study by Micheal Irving showed that ninety percent of his test patients still showed signs of sexual problems forty months after being off of Propecia (Thornton, 2011). This is where ethics will hurt Merck the most. Not only have there been hundreds of millions of dollars in fines and settlements that will be paid out, but if Merck continues to keep making unethical managerial decisions, Merck will lose the trust of their customers. Even though there is no evidence yet that Merck knew that Propecia would harm people after they stopped taking the drug, it’s hard not to think of how the Merck management decided to handle Vioxx. The financial hit is a big blow that will slow present and future projects, but money is a lot easier to gain back than trust. References Berman, J. (2011, June). UPS and Merck extend relationship with a global supply chain focus. Retrieved February 2013, from http://www. logisticsmgmt. com/article/ups_and_merck_extend_relationship_witha_ global_supply_chain_focus/ businesswire. (2011, June). UPS and Merck Expand Their Distribution and Logistics Agreement. Retrieved February 2013, from businesswire. com: http://www. businesswire. com/news/home/20110628005271/en/UPS-Merck-Expand-Distribution-Logistics-Agreement Cahana, A. , Mauron, A. (2006). The story of Vioxx—no pain and a lot of gain: ethical concerns regarding conduct of the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of anesthesia,  20(4), 348-351. doi:10. 1007/s00540-006-0432-7 Culp, D. R. , Isobel, B. (2007, August 6). Merck and the Vioxx       debacle. Retrieved February 13, 2013 from St. Johns University,       Web site: http://www. stjohns. edu/media/3/2c0778b7593f4a178b60354abc80bad8. pdf Grant, B. (2009, April 30). Merck published fake journal. Retrieved Febuary 12, 2013 from, Web site: http://www. the-scientist. om/? articles. view/articleNo/27376/title/Merck- published-fake- journal/ Daily, M. (2005, July 18). Merck used ‘dodge ball’ on Vioxx       questions-lawyer. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from, Web site:       http://www. redorbit. com/news/general/178738/ Kay, J. ( 2004, November 22). The Vioxx scandal: Damning senate       testimony reveals drug company, government complicity. Retrieved 2013, February 9 from , Web site: http://www. wsws. org/en/articles/2004/11/viox-n22. html Merck Co. , Inc. International Directory of Company Histories. 2000. Retrieved February 19, 2013 from Encyclopedia. com:  http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843800076. html Merck Sharp Dohme Corp. , a subsidiary of  Merck Co. , Inc. (2009-2013). Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www. merck. com/index. html Merck to pay whistleblower. (2008). TCE: The Chemical Engineer, (801), 12. Miller, C. , Goldman, K. (2003, October, 23). Merck, aids, and       Africa. Retrieved February 2, 2013 from New York University,       Leonard N. Stern School of Business Web site: http://pages. stern. nyu. edu/~lcabral/teaching/aids. pdf Muse, L. A. (2011). Flexibility implementation to a global workforce: a case study of Merck and Company, Inc. Community, Work Family,  14(2), 249-256. Singer, N. (March 9, 2009). Merck to Buy Schering-Plough for $41. 1 Billion. The New York Times, Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/10/business/10drug. html? _r=0 February 19, 2013. Thornton, J. (2011). A Hair-Raising Side Effect. Men’s Health (10544836), 26(10), 102-105. Unicef (2013). Merck co. , inc. Retrieved January 12, 2013 from, Partners Web site       http://www. unicefusa. org/partners/corporate/merck. html How to cite Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag, Papers

Analysis of Fianancial Statements

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Fianancial Statements. Answer: Introduction: As the management of the company was eager to know about the performance of the company. The company is earning good profit but still the main purpose of the report is to advice the management on the steps which it can take for further improvement For advising the company we will make analysis of the profit of the company by seeing the gross profit and net Profit ratio. We will also do some sales analysis. Report on Profitability of the Company: The Profit earning capacity of the company is very good because if the company is earning good Gross Profit of and Net Profit. Approx. 50% Net profit ratio would be very good for any industry. These figures show that the companys product is of superior quality because of which the NP margin is 50% . It means customers are ready to pay higher price for the product just because of the quality because customers can also but similar products for another market but quality would not match. For more clarity, Lets calculate the following profitability ratios: Gross Profit ratio: This ratio defines the gross margin of the company. In other words Sales- Cost of Sales. The formula for the same is Gross Profit/ Net sales: 47290/74450= 63.52% Net Profit ratio: This ratio defines the Net profit earning capacity of the company. This can be calculated with formula Net Profit/ Net Sales: 36790/74450= 49.42%. We can also see that the expenses of the company are also very less which is on the one hand good but for larger companies it is not good. Company should try to expand its business by increasing the sales, with this proportionate expenses will also increase but not in the same proportion as sales will increase. Comments: The company s earning good profit but it should not be satisfied with this earning because sales figure is lower. There would be many opportunities to increase the sales. So, it should try to increase the sales and also the profit of the company. Recommendations for Increasing the Profitability: The company can add variety to the products if the already products which company is manufacturing are already fully established in the market because with the addition of the new products the company can enter new markets through it can increase its sales and also the profits. The company can also train their sales team on periodical intervals and train them about new technological techniques of sales. With this if the sales team are updated with the technology they can grasp the timely opportunities. The company can increase the production of the products with the introduction of new machines, if the company is not having installed capacity. Initially there will be outflow of cash but later on company will earn higher profits and can cover up the cost in few years. Following are the Reports which can be Introduced to Improve the Efficiency of the Company: 1 Cash Flow statement: This statement shows the Funds movement of the company. The company will be able to know regularly whether the company is generating the cash flow from operating, investing, financing activities or using cash flow from above activities. 2 Daily production reports with variance, if any: The management should see t the daily production reports from production department and most importantly the variance if any generated from the report and the same should be carried forward to the next day. 3. Budgets of every department: Company should along with the departmental heads frame the budgets of every department. Then after every month the management should compare the actual results with the budgets prepared. After comparing with the budgets the management should analyse the variance/ favorable conditions and discuss the same for reasons with the departmental heads. References: Selling Power, 10 Tips to improve your sales performance, viewed on 16th Aug, 2016, https://www.sellingpower.com/content/article/?a=10089/10-tips-to-improve-your-sales-performance. Brain Tracy, 14 proven Strategies to increase sales of your product, viewed on 16th Aug, 2016https://www.briantracy.com/blog/sales-success/proven-strategies-to-increase-sales-of-your-product/. Entrepreneur India, 10 ways to improve Profiability, viewed on 16th Aug, https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/184240.

Business Risk of HIH Insurance Limited Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.How would you assess the business risk of HIH Insurance Limited? List several inherent risk factors effecting HIH. 2.Discuss the facts and findings of relevant court cases that Andersens should refer to in determining the likelihood of the Partnership being held liable to and What Conditions need to exist for a Negligence action to be upheld? 3.Why would HIH have wanted to hire prior members of its External Audit team? Answers: 1.Business Risk of HIH Insurance Limited The imperfect record of the financial report is responsible for the breakdown of the company which can be a threat to the business. The non-accurate accounting report can be a major reason for the failure of the business deals. When the company becomes able to submit the proper finance report, then that will define the improvement of the business, and the development of the annual finance report can descry the decreasing material quality which can be the cause of the business risk of HIH insurance limited. According to the auditor's lack of professionals can be a cause of the business risk. The infrastructure and the policies which are responsible for the poor and unreasonable decision can be a reason of great loss and the collapse of the HIH Insurance Company that can push the business to a pick of risk. Through the explanation of the factors, it is clear that this matter is responsible for the business risks. If the development of the money power can be demonstrated correctly, then it can be noticed that the implement of the credit is highly responsible for the business failure and the sales of the assets also a reason of the business risks (Bragg, 2013). The presence of unprofessional and inefficient staffs can be a reason of great loss for the business. Often the staffs were unable to find proper clients for investment or sometimes they engulfed all the money and did not submit the amount of money to the company which is truly harmful to any company. When the premium is collected from the clients by companies for a long time, then it required a number of efficient workers which produce the shortage of money for the company the can be a reason of the business risks. When the company faced various kinds of risks, then the collapse situation arrived. Inherent Risk factors affecting HIH at financial report level Due to the lack of proper ethical guidelines and the absence of appropriate insurance policies, the increasing budgets become fall which can be a major risk factor that is affecting the HIH at finance report level. The risks occurring in the annual finance report level is one of the factors influencing the growth of the HIH Insurance and caused business risks. To identify the investment tolerance, it is necessary to clearly describe the implementation of the factors affecting the business risks. The proper protocol of the work and the individual investment shows a stability of the accounting theory of the business. The removal of the risk factors of the HIH Insurance Company it is necessary to separate the person based licensed investment which can be critical for the growth of the business finance report (Britton and Waterston, 2013). The replacement of the assets or the sale of the properties can be a factor affecting HIH Insurance annual report level. Many legal issues between the creditors and the clients can also be changing factor oh the business risks. The company needs to recruit dedicated employees because most of the times the lack of efficient and well-experienced members can also be a significant problem for the company which affecting the annual financial report level (Christensen, Cottrell and Budd, 2016). If suddenly any client denies continuing giving their premium then that will be very much affecting the development of the enterprise. The HIH Insurance annual report level is also influenced or affected by this factor. 2.Facts and findings relevant to the court case Insufficient responses to the high pressure and management rising inadequately in the international insurance market were the primary cause of the danger of the company that is the HIH insurance. The interest of many stakeholders that affected the misguiding or false statements was in print. The financial report of the perspective company depicted significant money owing leverage and cover liabilities, the money owing means solution risk of the particular company (Weil, 2017). Now the matter is why this so much irresponsible in such a manner, the directors of act boards are the main responsible for these unjust representations of the financial statements of the company. Only they are not the responsible accountants and auditors are the same responsibility for these false tasks of the monetary declarations of the enterprise (Dauber, 2005). Responsible for this breakdown of these management companies was presented as an evil financial system, the people or group was the same responsibi lity of this initial failure of the company. The clients were facing an enormous problems or losses for this inadequate responsibility. The company was paid responsible accountable to customers for losing their inadequate amount of money. Not only that if clients think that they can take measures responsibility for the board of directors of the management and cover their insufficient loss of amount. The management's liability to the credit pay was due to the creditors lend money to the company. The company is answerable or pays the due amounts to the suppliers and other creditors. Negligence action Defendant owes the applicant on the duty of care then the negligence or careless occurs, when the defeated breaches the duty of attention when the candidate suffers an injury or damage when it occurs when the damage or injury causation by the outcome of the violation of the duty of care. In a state of affairs where a specific person owes another obligation of care, causes several damages, injury, loss to each and the particular person. The action of negligence conducted by the accountants or some auditors was responsible for the collapse of the HIH insurance company as per reports. Determination by the court signifies that the breach of the duty of care by reviewing the standard of care, to avoid some causing injuries or harm is the duty of attention is the legal compulsion (Hill, 2012). The boards of directors were the main responsibility for the failure of the company, and it can be stated as breaching the trust duty of care. Therefore, the regulatory framework is not appropriately followed by the organization HIH due to which company had to make this harsh situation. According to the law, which regulates the business system all across Australia, it is instated that this kind of act is considered as a breach in the regime of an organization and is capable of punishment (Waterston, 2006). The company is liable to answer all its customers for the negligence in their behavioral aspect and this maybe another reason for the loss of trust in this organization of the people. 3.Reason for hiring prior members Legislative system of the company needed to exhume for the augmentation of the business system. That is why The HIH wants to re-hire its former members of the external audit team. The abnormal development of the organization can be justified by its time of failure. The organization faced the situation due to the enhancement of work since the structuring of a project and reforms are illogically enhanced. It is very clear from this event that the company The HIH did not abide by the regulatory framework approved by the government of Australia and for this reason the organization had to take such harsh a decision (Horngren, 2013). Quite naturally, due to such disorientations in the construction of work, the auditor has blamed for unsuitable performances regarding his duties towards the company altogether. In such a condition, where the regulatory of the government was being challenged, the company was bound to be in the worst of situations (Shim, Siegel and Shim, 2012). It was only beca use of this, that the company needs to hire its ex-employees from the audit team to make a better performance out of them, and proper construction of work can be depicted which shows the enhancement of the works done together by the company so far. Advantages In this particular matter, the primary thing that had occurred due to the alteration of the auditing team in the HIH organization is an actual detailed depiction of the amount of work done so far had been reported. The amount of work done and the exact amount of work features can be easily illustrated due to the alteration of the entire auditing team and revamp it with a new team comprising of the ex-employees (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey, 2011). Thus, this new plan of action helps in the improvement of performance and allows proper planning of the research for the further benefit of the company. This had led to the development of profits of the organization in a massive way (Horngren, 2014). Also, the gap that had occurred in the balance of the company was dissolving, and the company was emerging more like a stable structure in the work ethics. The equilibrium that was necessary to maintain as an organization was once again in the process of restoration due to this strategy. Previou sly, the old auditors had breached many of the laws in presenting the financial accounts to the legislative authorities as they have presented many faulty records that had shown incorrect profit and loss, income, expenditure and balance in the finance system of the company (Horngren, 2013). However, the introduction of the new team of auditors who were previously appointed had a fresh start and new and legalized outlook in the business strategy and financial accounting department. Circumstances representing ethical standards violation The government of Australia has some standard laws regarding the practical ethics of an organization. It was reported by case studies that the HIH Company had desecrated these ethical standards (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey, 2011). The Board of Directors along with the auditors had been found guilty of producing unfair financial statements. According to the government of Australia, business ethics deals with the fair and inequitable means in an organization and any illegal or discriminatory conduct regarding the financial accounting of an organization is punishable as it is a vital aspect of an organization (Jones, 2013). It is considered that any illicit means adopted to represent a faulty financial accounting is the open gate in unlawful inflow or outflow of cash, illegal representation of income, expenditure, profit and loss, assets and liabilities. The guidelines regarding running a business organization are strict and breaching any one of them is liable to be punished for an offe nse. This behavior only represented a lack of integrity and negligence in carrying out the respective duties of the Board of Directors as well as the auditors. This only led to the downfall of the HIH Company. Since the rules and regulations are only meant for the well-being of the company (Libby, Libby and Short, 2012). Hence, it was very clear that the proper image of the company was tarnished and this affected the interest of many people in the organization. Outlining Primary recommendations CLERP 9 and Ramsay Report provide government approved guidelines on the proper preparation of a companys financial statements and corporate ascendancy. The CLERP 9 is responsible for providing the information on the appropriate standards in the liabilities that occurs due to breaches in the system, the independence of an auditor, compliance controls, and the accounting standards (Oppermann, 2009). The auditors are to bridge the gap between the perspective and expectation of a user on the financial statement of an organization because an accountant prepares the financial declarations of the company and gives it a real standardization. Legislation will always provide clear concepts of representing the account practices of a company, and in no ways, these can be breached. As per the government authorized rules, both the internal and external auditors are equally responsible for maintaining the proper financial statements and the correct valuation of the company, but if these line of act ion is breached in any way, then they are to be blamed for failing in eliminating the misstatements found within the financial accounting (Powers and Needles, 2012). References Bragg, S. (2013).Accounting best practices, seventh edition. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Britton, A. and Waterston, C. (2013).Financial accounting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Christensen, T., Cottrell, D. and Budd, C. (2016).Advanced financial accounting. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Dauber, N. (2005).Generally accepted auditing standards. Mason, OH: Texere. Hill, J. (2012).Colloidal Silver Medical Uses, Toxicology Manufacture. Horngren, C. (2013).Accounting. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Horngren, C. (2013).Financial accounting. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Group. Horngren, C. (2014).Accounting. Toronto: Pearson Canada. Jones, M. (2013).Accounting. Chichester: Wiley. Libby, R., Libby, P. and Short, D. (2012).Financial accounting. Oppermann, H. (2009).Accounting standards. Lansdowne: Juta. Powers, M. and Needles, B. (2012).Financial accounting. [Mason]: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Schroeder, R., Clark, M. and Cathey, J. (2011).Financial accounting theory and analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Schroeder, R., Clark, M. and Cathey, J. (2011).Financial accounting theory and analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Shim, J., Siegel, J. and Shim, J. (2012).Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill. Waterston, C. (2006).Financial Accounting. Pearson Education UK. Weil, R. (2017).Financial accounting. [Place of publication not identified]: Cengage Learning.